Description

CALAPTIN 120 SR

Indications

CALAPTIN 120 SR, containing the active ingredient Diltiazem, is primarily indicated for the management of hypertension (high blood pressure) and angina pectoris (chest pain due to reduced blood flow to the heart). It is also used in the treatment of certain types of arrhythmias, particularly atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. The sustained-release formulation allows for once-daily dosing, improving patient compliance and convenience.

Mechanism of Action

Diltiazem, the active component of CALAPTIN 120 SR, is a calcium channel blocker that primarily inhibits the influx of calcium ions into cardiac and smooth muscle cells. By blocking the L-type calcium channels, Diltiazem reduces myocardial contractility and dilates coronary and peripheral blood vessels. This mechanism results in decreased myocardial oxygen demand and improved oxygen supply, thereby alleviating angina symptoms and lowering blood pressure. Additionally, the drug has a mild negative chronotropic effect, which can help in controlling heart rate in patients with arrhythmias.

Pharmacological Properties

CALAPTIN 120 SR exhibits several pharmacological properties that contribute to its therapeutic effects. The sustained-release formulation provides a controlled release of Diltiazem over an extended period, leading to stable plasma concentrations and prolonged therapeutic effects. The drug is well-absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, with peak plasma concentrations typically occurring within 3 to 6 hours after administration. Diltiazem is metabolized in the liver, primarily by cytochrome P450 enzymes, and has a half-life of approximately 3 to 5 hours, although this can be extended due to its sustained-release formulation.

Contraindications

CALAPTIN 120 SR is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to Diltiazem or any of the excipients in the formulation. It should not be used in patients with severe hypotension (blood pressure < 90/60 mmHg), advanced aortic stenosis, or sick sinus syndrome (unless a functioning pacemaker is present). Additionally, it is contraindicated in patients with acute myocardial infarction and pulmonary congestion, as well as those with severe hepatic impairment.

Side Effects

Like all medications, CALAPTIN 120 SR may cause side effects. Common side effects include dizziness, headache, fatigue, and gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea and constipation. More serious adverse effects can occur, including bradycardia (slow heart rate), hypotension, and exacerbation of heart failure. Patients should be monitored for signs of allergic reactions, such as rash, itching, or swelling, and should seek medical attention if these occur.

Dosage and Administration

The recommended dosage of CALAPTIN 120 SR for adults typically starts at 120 mg once daily, which can be adjusted based on the patient’s response and clinical condition. The maximum recommended dose should not exceed 360 mg per day. The tablet should be taken whole, without chewing or crushing, and can be taken with or without food. It is important for patients to adhere to the prescribed regimen and to consult their healthcare provider before making any changes to their dosage.

Interactions

CALAPTIN 120 SR may interact with several medications, which can alter its effectiveness or increase the risk of adverse effects. Notably, concomitant use with other antihypertensive agents may lead to additive hypotensive effects. Caution is advised when used with beta-blockers, as this combination can result in significant bradycardia or heart block. Additionally, Diltiazem may affect the metabolism of drugs that are substrates of cytochrome P450 enzymes, such as certain statins and anticoagulants, necessitating careful monitoring and potential dosage adjustments.

Precautions

Before initiating treatment with CALAPTIN 120 SR, a thorough medical history should be obtained, and a physical examination should be conducted to assess for any contraindications or potential risk factors. Caution should be exercised in patients with a history of heart failure, renal impairment, or hepatic dysfunction. Regular monitoring of blood pressure and heart rate is recommended during therapy, particularly during the initial titration phase. Patients should be advised to avoid abrupt discontinuation of the medication, as this may lead to rebound hypertension or exacerbation of angina symptoms.

Clinical Studies

Clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of Diltiazem in reducing blood pressure and alleviating angina symptoms. In randomized controlled trials, patients receiving CALAPTIN 120 SR showed significant reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared to placebo. Furthermore, studies have indicated that Diltiazem is effective in improving exercise tolerance in patients with stable angina. Long-term studies have also suggested that sustained-release formulations may lead to improved patient adherence and overall treatment outcomes.

Conclusion

CALAPTIN 120 SR is a valuable therapeutic option for patients suffering from hypertension and angina pectoris. Its mechanism of action as a calcium channel blocker, coupled with its sustained-release formulation, provides effective management of cardiovascular conditions. However, healthcare providers must carefully consider contraindications, potential side effects, and drug interactions when prescribing this medication. Ongoing monitoring and patient education are crucial to ensure safe and effective use of CALAPTIN 120 SR.